Remove the beef tenderloin from the freezer and let it sit for about 10 minutes to soften slightly. Using a sharp knife, slice the beef as thinly as possible. If you have a meat slicer, this is a great time to use it for even slices.
Arrange the beef slices in a single layer on a large serving platter.
In a small bowl, whisk together the olive oil, lemon juice, salt, and pepper. Drizzle this mixture evenly over the beef slices.
Scatter the arugula over the beef, followed by the shaved Parmesan cheese.
If using, sprinkle capers over the top for added flavor.
Garnish with fresh herbs if desired and serve immediately.